5. What are the most common types of computer-based information systems used in business organizations today? (Hint: a Transaction Processing System is one type.) Give a specific real-world example of each. 11. What are some general strategies employed by organiza- tions to achieve competitive advantage? 15. What is the role of the systems analyst? What is the role of the programmer? 16. What is the operations component of a typical IS department? 17. What is the role of the chief information officer
1. Introduction
In the rapidly evolving world of technology, computer-based information systems are crucial in facilitating the operations of modern business organizations. These systems play an integral role in managing and processing data, supporting decision-making processes, and ensuring the efficient functioning of various business processes. This paper aims to address several key questions related to computer-based information systems used in business organizations today.
2. Types of Computer-Based Information Systems
There are several common types of computer-based information systems employed by business organizations. One widely used system is a Transaction Processing System (TPS). A TPS is designed to support routine transactional activities, such as processing sales orders or recording employee payroll. A specific real-world example of a TPS is the Point of Sale (POS) system used by retail stores. This system records sales transactions and updates inventory levels in real-time.
Another type of information system is the Management Information System (MIS). An MIS provides managers with reports and summaries to support decision-making processes. An example of an MIS is a sales report generated by a customer relationship management (CRM) system. This report summarizes sales data, allowing managers to analyze performance and make informed business decisions.
Business organizations also commonly utilize Decision Support Systems (DSS). These systems provide analytical tools and models to assist in decision-making. For example, a financial institution may use a DSS to analyze credit risk when approving loans. The system applies predetermined rules and algorithms to assess the risk and provides recommendations to decision-makers.
An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is another widely used information system. An ERP integrates various business functions and processes, such as finance, human resources, and supply chain management, into a unified platform. For instance, a manufacturing company might use an ERP system to manage inventory, production, and sales processes. This system ensures that different departments have access to the same information, improving collaboration and efficiency.
Lastly, organizations employ Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems to manage customer interactions and relationships. These systems track customer communication, preferences, and purchase history to enhance customer service and marketing efforts. An example of a CRM system is Salesforce, which allows businesses to manage their sales processes and customer relationships effectively.
In conclusion, computer-based information systems are essential for modern business organizations. They enable organizations to streamline operations, support decision-making processes, and gain a competitive advantage in the market. The most common types of information systems used in business today include Transaction Processing Systems, Management Information Systems, Decision Support Systems, Enterprise Resource Planning Systems, and Customer Relationship Management Systems. Each system serves a specific purpose and can be exemplified by real-world applications.
